Betrayal Loyalty

Betrayal Loyalty Introduction On December 7, 1941, American military men at United States naval base at Pearl of Harbor in Hawaii woke to a crude shock; the Japanese army had attacked them, something that invited the United States of America into World War II. Following this attack, the United States of America in retaliation, placed all Japanese Americans in internment camps popularly known as ‘War Relocation Camps.’Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Betrayal Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the aftermath of this exercise presented one big irony of all the time; loyalty and betrayal co-existed and it was even difficult to differentiate between the two. Whilst the Japanese Americans remained loyal to the U.S. government, this government resorted to betrayal, assigning each family a number, which was used as surnames for the Japanese Americans in these camps among other ‘injustices’, only to incorporate them in military later on. Loyalty and Betrayal The Japanese Americans in the internment camps remained loyal to the U.S authorities albeit the harrowing experiences they went through in the camps. For instance, they lived in, â€Å"un-partitioned toilets, cots for beds, and a budget of 45 cents daily per capita for food rations† (Myer 1). The first act of loyalty came with the surrender of Japanese Americans to authorities. After President Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066, posters saying â€Å"All Japanese persons, both alien and non-alien, will be evacuated from the above designated areas by 12:00 oclock noon Tuesday, April 7, 1942†¦report for internment with bedrolls and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Weber 16). Being loyal to the authorities, the Japanese Americans responded to this order and reported at the said time. There is no one recorded time when the Japanese Americans became disloyal to the U.S. authorities save for some peaceful demonstrations; how ever, these were also allowed in the constitution; therefore, it was not an act of disloyalty. Japanese Americans submitted to denounce their religion, salute the U.S flag, and sing loyal songs; all in loyalty. Moreover, they swore allegiance to â€Å"one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all† (Weglyn 56). In loyalty, the Japanese Americans in these camps submitted to authorities and respected the constitution. This was ‘high-class’ loyalty; something that they carried on to World War II. In 1943, the U.S authorities gave some Japanese America prisoners chance to serve in the military on voluntary basis. â€Å"The War Department is offering you a chance to volunteer and to distinguish yourselves as Japanese-American citizens in the service of your country† (Sone 218). According to Broek, Barnhart, and Matson, one of the distinguished loyal Japanese American regiment was â€Å"the 442nd Regimental Combat Team† (98).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This team went on to become the most adorned combat regiment of the time and it served in the war across Europe. This echoes the loyalty that the Japanese Americans portrayed in the internment camps as prisoners. As part honoring them, the U.S authorities branded the 442nd regiment as, â€Å"the most highly decorated unit of its size and length of service in the history of the U.S. Army, including 21 Medal of Honor recipients† (Broek, Barnhart Matson 102). If it were not for patriotism, what else could motivate these ex-prisoners to defend a country that had subjected them to untold sufferings? The act of these ex-prisoners defended the U.S during World War II is an extension of loyalty practiced in the internment camps earlier on. Unfortunately, the U.S did not recognize this loyalty and they mistreated the Japanese Americans inside and outside the inter nment camps. As aforementioned, the white people mistreated the Japanese Americans before and after the way amounting to betrayal. Immediately after the attack at Pearl of Harbor, President Roosevelt, acting under pressure from the white people, signed Executive Order 9066. This meant that all the Japanese Americans were to be placed in internment camps. According to Weber, the rounding up exercise involved, â€Å"freezing of bank accounts; seizure of contraband; drastic limitation on travel, curfew, and other severely restrictive measures† (20). Moreover, the conditions in the camps were squalid with, â€Å"un-partitioned toilets, cots for beds, and a budget of 45 cents daily per capita for food rations† (Myer 1). As aforementioned, each family was given â€Å"Tags to be attached to each piece of baggage, and one to hang from our coat lapels. From then on, we were known as Family # 10710† (Sone 35). This was part of mistreatments and many people went though unt old sufferings as betrayal took the centre stage after the war. This betrayal was uncalled. It beats logic why a government for people by people would turn against its citizens. Moreover, the betrayal was at both state and citizen level. Betrayal was not only a task of the authorities but also the U.S citizens. After the war, the authorities started releasing Japanese Americans back to their homes. Unfortunately, their reception was cold and unwelcoming. For instance, Elsie Robinson, a newspaper columnist vowed to, â€Å"cut the throat of any evacuee who dared return† (Myer 23). On another account, Clair Eagle, the U.S representative in California made it clear that, â€Å"We dont want those Japs back in California and the more we can get rid of the better† (Myer 23). This was utter betrayal. Even after the loyalty that the Japanese Americans showed towards the constitution, authorities and the whites in general, people were not convinced that these ‘ex-prisoners ’ were people or rather human beings just like them. Sone posits that, after the war, â€Å"the West Coast was still off-limits, but we had access to the rest of the continent where we could start all over again† (111).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Betrayal Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This shows that even though these Japanese Americans had proved their loyalty, the minds of many whites still held hatred and betrayal. The authorities had not accepted fully that these were loyal citizens and this explains the presence of no-go zones. Betrayal from the U.S side coupled with loyalty of the Japanese Americas, presented irony of all time as aforementioned. It is ironical that the U.S branded the Japanese Americans, â€Å"enemies’ only to allow them to be part of military and other governmental and societal structures. The U.S. authorities put the Japanese Americans into internment c amps as ‘enemies.’ Ironically, they incorporated the same enemies into the military to fight in the World War II. Moreover, they were allowed to enroll in schools and participate in any other national activity. What can explain such an intriguing incidence? Based on these events, it is apparent that the presence of the internment camps was illegal and unjustifiable in the first place. There is no way an enemy can become a close ally in such a short time. President Roosevelt acted under pressure to sign the Executive Order 9066. The truth will always stand and the Japanese Americans proved this very well. By remaining loyal to the constitution and submissive to the authorities, they went on to become the most distinguished regiment in the World War II. The fact is America’s betrayal of Japanese Americans coupled with the loyalty the latter showed the former, which resulted into incorporation of Japanese Americans into the U.S military, is one big irony. Conclusion After the Pearl of Harbor attack, the U.S retaliated swiftly, rounding most of the Japanese Americans living across the United States of America and sending them to internment camps. Conditions in these camps were squalid; however, the U.S reconsidered her decision and released these prisoners back to their homes after proving their loyalty. Some were incorporated in the army and other national institutions, the irony surrounding this loyal-betrayal saga between the Japanese Americans and the U.S authorities. Broek, Jacobus, Barnhart, Edward Matson, Floyd. â€Å"Prejudice, War and the Constitution.† California; University of California Press, 1968. Myer, Dillon. â€Å"Work of the War Relocation Authority, An Anniversary Statement.† The Harry S. Truman Library Museum, 1947. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sone, Monica. â€Å"Nisei Daughter.† Washington; The University of Washington Press, 1979. Weber, Mark. â€Å"The Japan Camps in California.† The Journal of Historical Review, 1980. 2(1); 16-30. Weglyn, Michi. â€Å"Years of Infamy; The Untold Story of Americas Concentration Camps. New York, 1976.

Evaluation the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Research Paper

Evaluation the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia - Research Paper Example It was extremely important for the international community to step in and secure justice for the citizens of Yugoslavia since order and justice were failing. The enforcement of human rights and establishing the foundation for effective conflict resolution and post-conflict development has been one of the guiding principles of the ICTY. The establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia by the United Nations was one of the precedents which paved the way for multilateral action by the international community and nation-states concerned about the declining administrative conditions of former Yugoslavia. However, there are a few shortcomings with the ICTY. One of the major shortcomings is that it is an organization which is ad hoc in nature, which in turn makes it a very problematic institution having a number of limitations. It might have some shortcomings; however, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages of The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. And the major advantage of having ICTY is that it lays the groundwork for international law and politics and helps in the establishment of the International Criminal Court or the ICC. The ICC serves as a permanent mechanism which enforces justice. Peter Radan(2002, p.201) states ‘With the exception of Bosnia- Hercegovina, for all the secessions of and within Yugoslavia’s republics, it was explicitly claimed that they were justified on the basis of the right of peoples to self-determination. This is apparent from the various declarations of independence and constitutions adopted by the seceding entities. Bosnia-Hercegovina was a special case due to the absence from that republic of a dominant national group. However, self-determination was still a significant factor.  

Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japan - Essay Example The emperor had no political implications to the society but was portrayed a symbolism of the culture of Japan and some form of the historical continuity. The new leaders of the Meiji took the emperor to the national prominence and replaced the Buddhism as the religion of the nation (Mori and Rimer 20). The imperial line was associated with the Shinto at the time when the country had the oldest house that was ruling and the legendary symbol of powerful national unity. People were executing duties of the emperor without questioning anything as a way of respect, honor and to show the unity they had. The emperor never ruled, but a small group of advisers were the one responsible for deliberating on various issues that affected the people of Japan. The consultants were supposed to devise reforms and rule at the capacity of the emperor. In the same period, there was the abolition of the feudalism that marked some tremendous change to the social perspective. People were at liberty to choose any occupation of their choice and move everywhere without restrictions. The introduced a number of changes to the social systems (Mori and Rimer 28). These changes included the constitution and the national educational framework. These changes were done to enable the national growth and earn respect from the Western world. The country tried to amass support from the other neighbors, and the educational system brought a lot of popularity and it spread to a number of places. The government used the education system to educate its citizens on the need to acquire some basic knowledge and the necessary skills. By the end of the tutelage of Meiji period, many Japanese people had attended the compulsory and free public schools for not less than six years. The government monitored the schools carefully and made sure that the students got skills not only to the fields of mathematics or reading but also

Why Did Lloyd Gearge Fall From Power Essay Example for Free

Why Did Lloyd Gearge Fall From Power Essay How important were Lloyd Georges Attitudes and Antics in his fall from Power? After the First World War many countries faced major problems. These were extremely difficult economical problems, high levels of unemployment and most people were depressed as they would have lost someone they knew and loved in the war. Any prime minister that ruled Britain would have found it very difficult to lead the country in such post-war problems. A liberal named Lloyd George was the man to do so. He was head of a coalition which the conservatives were the majority. Lloyd George came into power in 1918 and lasted four incredibly difficult years until 1922. This was a massive achievement in itself as Britain was in such a vulnerable position in post war circumstances. Lloyd George was a very popular political leader as he appealed to many types of people especially the working class as he was the war time leader that guided Britain to victory and that he stated he wanted a fit country for heroes to live in and to make Germany pay the whole cost of the war; this is one reason why the conservatives allowed him to head the coalition. Another reason why the conservatives wanted him to head the coalition was that he would be the person that would take the blame if anything went wrong in such problematic times for Britain. Lloyd George responded to the needs of the people of Britain in a charming manor as he tried to do as much as he could for them. He demobilised troops by releasing holders of key civilian jobs first and ordinary rank officers last, this created some alarming protest. The Government then ingeniously changed its tactics by adopting a policy which was first in, first out. This worked very well as families that had not seen their relatives for a long period of time would get to see them before a troop that had been dispatched later for war and by the autumn of 1919 more than four million troops were back in the country. Most of them found jobs thanks to the post war boom. This was very encouraging for the new government Although Britain was on the rise, unemployment was the highest it had been for a very long time. This was in a sense due to the continuation of the slow decline of the British economy which had begun in the 1870s. Countries that wanted British goods had reverted to other means of receiving this as during was times it was hard to get them from Britain. After the war they did not come back to Britain to get the goods but kept on receiving them from other sources. Lloyd George then extended unemployment insurance which pleased many people as they were in financial difficulty after the war. He offered unemployment payments for no more than fifteen weeks in any one year and only to workers earning less than à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½250 a year. This enabled many families to eat as Britain was on the brink of starvation during the war. This added to Lloyd Georges popularity. In addition Lloyd George passed The Sex Disqualification Removal Act in 1919; this allowed women to stand in parliament. This added to his popularity with women, which was a very large percentage of the country as many men had been killed in the war. The Lloyd George government pledged to build `homes fit for heroes for the troops returning from the war and the 1919 Housing Act was passed to fulfil this pledge; under the Act government grants were available, subject to compliance with strict conditions, for houses for the working classes. On 12th June 1919 Dr. Addison, President of the Local Government Board and the minister responsible for implementing the government housing policy, cut the first sod at Stourton. This added to Lloyd Georges popularity even more as troop returning from war got new houses fit for heroes. Another problem that Lloyd George avoided was that the miners wanted to work a six hour day for a 30% increase in wages, the miners also wanted the government to keep control of the mines but the mine owners wanted the mines back. Lloyd George offered them a 7hour day and continued government control for the time being and in order to solve this issue a commission called the Sankey commission was set up. This commission was set up to try and negotiate a possible agreement between the miners and the mine owners. The miners accepted this offer. In 1921 the Sankey commission was unable to negotiate an agreement between the miners and the mine owners. This enabled Lloyd George to avoid permanent nationalisation of the mines and he gave control back to the mine owners on the 1st April. The mine owners told the miners that they would have to work more hours for less pay due to the slump in exports. This outraged the miners who formed a triple alliance between the railway, transport and general workers and themselves the miners. They threatened a General Strike but on the 15th April the miners allies abandoned the idea, the miners were furious and regarded this as betrayal. The miners continued their strike, which lasted three months, but without support they could not win on any of their fronts. They returned to work and soon afterwards workers in other trades faced wage reductions. Lloyd George had just solved the problem of a general strike but he was losing support rapidly from the workers. A reduction in government revenue due to the expense of unemployment benefits and a dip in business profits lead to a committee lead by Sir Eric Geddes, which recommended drastic cuts in government spending, was set up. The government took this advice and saved à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½64 million. This policy became known as the Geddes act. The government saved money by reducing expenditure on the army, navy, education, health services and council house buildings. Many believed that Lloyd George was doing the Conservatives dirty work for them as it was not really affecting the rich but was very damaging for the poor as they had many necessities damaged. On the other hand Lloyd George did make errors which led to his downfall as prime minister; one of these errors was when he sent in British troops into to help the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Russian civil war. The Bolsheviks won the civil war and the British troops had achieved nothing from going into war, they were pulled out of the war soon after the Bolsheviks won. Many people resented Lloyd Georges intervention including the Russian Bolsheviks, and many among the working class who admired the Russians. Lloyd George was nervous and consequently an Anglo-Russian trade treaty was signed in March 1921. Another mistake Lloyd George made was at the Genoa Conference, which took place on Lloyd Georges initiative. The Germans were complaining that they would not be able to make the next reparations payments to France, and Lloyd George decided that he would hold a meeting to try and negotiate an agreement between the two. Other problems were also discussed there including the diplomatic relations between Russia and Europe war debts to USA. The conference fail horribly as France did not compromise at all and wanted the whole cost of the reparations payments from the Germans, the Americans refused to even attend the meeting and the new Russian government were insulted that they would have to repay debts from the previous Tsarist government. The Germans and the Russians withdrew from the meeting and signed their own treaty which consisted of the Germans officially recognizing the Russian government and both mutual debts being wiped off. This worried many nations as the two suspect states were now reconsolidated. The finger was pointed towards Lloyd George as he set up the conference. A major rift between English and Irish relations brewed immediately after the election, this called for Lloyd George to solve. This occurred when the 73 Sinn Fein MPs, who wanted Ireland as a separate country from Britain, organised their own parliament in Dublin, called the Dail. Sinn Fein proclaimed the Republic of Ireland. The IRA began a terrorist campaign against the police and the government retaliated by using the Blacks and Tans. Although Lloyd George found a temporary solution to the problem by partitioning Ireland he enraged many people as the conservatives were furious that the union between Ireland and Britain was destroyed, this was very problematic for Lloyd Georges coalition as he depended hugely on the conservatives support. The event that lost decided Lloyd Georges fate as prime minister was the Chanak incident. The Turks threatened to break the treaty of Sevres which had handed most of Turkeys European land over to the Greeks. The Turkish nationalists overthrew the Sultan for signing the treaty and were determined to overturn the treaty. The Greek army went in to overthrow the new nationalist government but were defeated by the Turks; the Turks then threatened the British forces occupying parts of Turkey. Lloyd George did not allow Britain to be bullied by the Turks as the Greeks had, he stated that if Turkey broke into the neutral zone then they would not only face war with Britain but the whole British Empire. Britain avoided warfare by agreeing that a new treaty should be signed called the treaty of Lausanne in 1923. Lloyd George made the fatal error of not consulting the other prime ministers of the commonwealth before promising them into a possible war. This outraged the conservative and was the last straw for them as they saw his unforgivable rashness as uncontrollable. From then on he had few days in charge. Lloyd Georges antics had been to blame for his fall in popularity as he had a reputation for sleeping around with other MPs wives, as u can imagine this enraged many MPs. Before his election as leader of the coalition he didnt have his whole liberal party supporting him as they deemed him untrustworthy. He used to sell Honours for his own personal fortune which was deemed unreasonable by many. He used to use his position to his advantage as he used to play the stock market to his advantage as he had inside knowledge because of his high position, this lead to him acquiring a small personal fortune due of his seedy antics and by abusing his position as leader of the country. The conservatives had used him to get Britain through the toughest few years after the war and now had no more use for him as they could replace him with Bonar Law becoming the leader and the conservatives taking full control. In conclusion I believe that Lloyd Georges attitudes and Antics were important but not very significant as the conservatives knew what they wanted to get out of him, and from day one his days were numbered as prime minister. If he averted some negative incidents then maybe he could have had another term in power but not much after that. I believe that the main incident that caused Lloyd George to fall from power was the Chanak crisis as it put the cherry on top for the conservatives. This was because Lloyd George lost much respect of many people.

Compare And Contrast On Characters Rayona And Pearl :: essays research papers

Compare and Contrast on Characters Rayona and Pearl Rayona and Pearl were two characters that were very alike in the stories. They are also somewhat different. They lived lives that were very troublesome. Rayona had to go through the tough times of her mother's sickness and the death of her brother. She lived away from most of it, but still had to live with it. Pearl had to go through the tough times of her mother Hester being charged with adultery, she also had to go through all of her trials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rayona and Pearl are similar in that they both went through the tough times of their mother's problems. Rayona lived with knowing her mother was very sick. Pearl had her mother's scarlet letter to live with. As children they didn't know who their fathers were, they were forced to guess. Rayona and Pearl were also similar because they both had a tough time getting along with the kids they had to go to school with. Neither of them were able to make friends very easily. Rayona's trouble was that she was part African American growing up in a Native American community. Pearl had trouble because of the fact that her mom committed adultery and the kids laugh at her. Both of the children were also social outcasts in their community. The community was different from them didn't accept them. Rayona and Pearl were also similar in another way. Through the tough times of their mothers they stood by their side and endured the same hardships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rayona and Pearl also have many differences. Rayona was of American Indian and Black decent while Pearl was of American decent. While Pearl had to live with her mother's troubles, Rayona lived away from them. There is a time when Pearl finds out her history and the things her mother went through. Rayona however never found out about her past or what her mother went through. Another difference between the two is that Rayona had a brother to grow up with and play with. Pearl only had her mother around the house. Rayona also had several people to look up to such as, Aunt Ida and Reverend Tom. Compare And Contrast On Characters Rayona And Pearl :: essays research papers Compare and Contrast on Characters Rayona and Pearl Rayona and Pearl were two characters that were very alike in the stories. They are also somewhat different. They lived lives that were very troublesome. Rayona had to go through the tough times of her mother's sickness and the death of her brother. She lived away from most of it, but still had to live with it. Pearl had to go through the tough times of her mother Hester being charged with adultery, she also had to go through all of her trials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rayona and Pearl are similar in that they both went through the tough times of their mother's problems. Rayona lived with knowing her mother was very sick. Pearl had her mother's scarlet letter to live with. As children they didn't know who their fathers were, they were forced to guess. Rayona and Pearl were also similar because they both had a tough time getting along with the kids they had to go to school with. Neither of them were able to make friends very easily. Rayona's trouble was that she was part African American growing up in a Native American community. Pearl had trouble because of the fact that her mom committed adultery and the kids laugh at her. Both of the children were also social outcasts in their community. The community was different from them didn't accept them. Rayona and Pearl were also similar in another way. Through the tough times of their mothers they stood by their side and endured the same hardships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rayona and Pearl also have many differences. Rayona was of American Indian and Black decent while Pearl was of American decent. While Pearl had to live with her mother's troubles, Rayona lived away from them. There is a time when Pearl finds out her history and the things her mother went through. Rayona however never found out about her past or what her mother went through. Another difference between the two is that Rayona had a brother to grow up with and play with. Pearl only had her mother around the house. Rayona also had several people to look up to such as, Aunt Ida and Reverend Tom.

Mm Theory and Jm Theory of Capital Structure Essay

In 1958, Modigliani and Merton Miller in their classical paper â€Å"The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment†, talked something about capital structure as follow: Consider any company j and let Xj stand as before for the expected return on the assets owned by the company (that is, its expected profit before deduction of interest). Denote by Di the market value of the debts of the company; by Sj the market value of its common shares; and by V j = Sj + Dj the market value of all its securities or, as we shall say, the market value of the firm. Then, our Proposition I asserts that we must have in equilibrium: Vj = (Sj + Dj ) = Xj /Ï k, for any firm j in class k. That is, the market value of any firm is independent of its capital structure and is given by capitalizing its expected return at the rateÏ k appropriate to its class. This proposition can be stated in an equivalent way in terms of the firm’s â€Å"average cost of capital,† Xj / Vj, which is the ratio of its expected return to the market value of all its securities. Our proposition then is: Xj / (Sj + Di) = Xj / Vj =Ï k, for any firm j, in class k. That is, the average cost of capital, to any firm is completely independent of its capital structure and is equal to the capitalization rate of a pure equity stream of its class. This theory based on a perfect market assumption, which means: 1. No cost of capital market: no transaction costs, no government constraints can be traded freely, and capital asset can be divided. 2. Neutral personal income tax: no personal income tax or tax on dividends, dividends and capital gains are equal. 3. Fully competitive market: no matter how investors and the behavior of enterprises, enterprises can according to constant price convertible securities at any time; another enterprise cannot influence the market structure of interest rates. 4. Borrowing Equality: investors and companies can borrow, lend money and the issuance of securities. 5. The same expectation: everyone has the same expectations. 6. No information costs: enterprises and individuals can use the information is the same, but the information is no cost. No financial crisis cost: enterprises and individuals have occurred if the financial crisis or bankruptcy, no financial crisis cost (such as the liquidation expenses, enterprise restructuring charges, etc.) MM theorem laid the foundation of modern enterprise capital structure, from the enterprise operator’s target and the behavior of investors and the target and the behavior Angle, explore in certain market under the environment of the target and the behavior of the mutual conflict and consistent, is the history of the capital structure of a milestone. However, the MM theorem of perfect market hypothesis and the enterprise actual business environment difference, restricted its practical value, economists constantly relax assumptions, make it more close to reality, so as to promote the modern enter prise capital structure theory development.

Native Americans in the United States and Hardy Individualism Essay

Prompt: Although the development of the Trans-Mississippi West is popularly associated with hardy individualism, it was in fact largely dependent on the federal government. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to western economic activities in the 19th century. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the idea of the far west captivated many. The chance to begin life anew attracted thousands of individuals and families alike to move out west and escape their current life, which was usually full of poverty and for some, full of discrimination. As the west expanded and grew into an important part of the United States, westerners found it somewhat difficult to survive with important resources going scarce. Although the development of the Trans-Mississippi west is mainly associated with hardy individualism, the westÂ’s development as a whole was largely the result of the aid of the federal government by constructing railroads, promoting and protecting the land, and removing the Indian tribes. Railroads were an integral part of the west; without them the West would not be successful. The distance of the west from the rest of the country was large and the only way to reach the west was through a long, tiresome journey by wagon. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 paved the way for the expansion of the railroads. The Act gave companies land to build railroads. The faster the company built the railroad, the faster they could get more land, which they usually sold for profit later on. The construction of the railroad benefitted many who were not living in the west, namely Chinese immigrants. With thousands of workers, railroad companies had to ensure their safety to prevent being sued and frowned upon by the public. To prevent that, railroad companies provided many necessities for their workers like shelter.